Type of Systems and Applications

A sprinkler system consists of a water supply (or supplies) and one or more sprinkler installations, each installation consist of a set of installation control valves and a pipe array fitted with sprinkler heads. The sprinkler heads are fitted at specified locations at the roof or ceiling, and where necessary between racks, below shelves, inside ovens or stoves or below obstructions.

A sprinkler has two functions to perform. It must first detect a fire, and must then provide an adequate distribution of water to control or extinguish it. Each function is performed separately and one is independent of the other except insofar as early detection makes extinction easier because the fire has not grown large. The classic use of the sprinkler is in the hot gas layer which forms beneath the ceiling of an enclosure in which a fire is developing.

For the purpose of the part of sprinkler regulations, the following definitions shall apply :

1. Alarm Test Valve
   A valve through which water may be drawn to test the operation of the water motor firm alarm and/or of any associated electric fire alarm.
2. Alarm Valve
   A check valve, of the wet, dry or composite type, that also initiates the water motor fire alarm when the sprinkler installation operates.
3. Alarm Valve, pre-action
   An alarm valve suitable for a recycling installation.
4. Alarm Valve, wet
   An alarm valve suitable for a wet installation.
5. Arm pipe
   A pipe, other than the last section of a range pipe, feeding a single sprinkler.
6. Cut-off Sprinkler
   A sprinkler protecting a door or window between two areas only one of which is protected by the sprinkler.
7. Distribution pipe
   A pipe feeding either a range pipe directly or a single sprinkler on a non-terminal range pipe more than 300 mm long.
8. Rosette sprinkler rosette
   A plate covering the gap between shank or the body of a sprinkler projecting through a suspended ceiling, and the ceiling.
9. Sprinkler, Ceiling or Flush pattern and concealed type
   A pendent sprinkler for fitting partly above but with the temperature sensitive element below, the lower plane of the ceiling. These are designed for use the concealed pipe work and are installed pendent with plate or base flush to the ceiling with the heat sensitive element below the ceiling line. These shall be installed only in light or ordinary hazard risks and not for the high hazard class. Common applications are Hotels, board rooms, offices, retail stores etc., where the aesthetic appearance is of value. The deflectors are normally fixed and if retracted type of deflectors are used, prior approval of the Committee is essential.
10. Sprinkler concealed
    A recessed sprinkler with a cover plate that disengages when the heat is applied.
11. Sprinkler conventional pattern
    A sprinkler that gives a spherical pattern of water discharge. This type of sprinklers are designed to produce a spherical type of discharge with a proportion of water being thrown upwards the ceiling. These are usually built with a universal type deflector enabling the sprinklers to be installed either upright or pendent. It is also possible to designate them for upright or pendent for certain applications. These sprinklers can almost be used for any type of application.
12. Sprinkler glass bulb
    A sprinkler which opens when a liquid filled glass bulb bursts.
13. Sprinkler horizontal
    A sprinkler in which the nozzle directs the water horizontally.
14. Sprinkler intermediate
    A sprinkler installed below, and additional to the roof or ceiling sprinklers.
15. Sprinkler, pendent
    A sprinkler in which the nozzle directs water downwards.
16. Sprinkler, roof or ceiling
    A sprinkler protecting the roof or ceiling.
17. Sprinkler side-wall pattern
    A sprinkler that gives a downwards paraboloid pattern discharge. These are designed to produce a downward paraboloidal discharge and the special deflector fitted to the sprinkler causes most of the water to be discharged on the opposing wall and floor with a little of water discharging on the wall behind the sprinkler. These shall not be installed in high hazard applications or above suspended ceilings. These are not substitutes for standard sprinklers but may be used only in offices, hotels, halls, lobbies, corridors, conveyor housings etc.
18. Sprinkler upright
    A sprinkler in which the nozzle directs the water upwards.
19. Spray pattern type sprinkler
    These are designed to produce a hemispherical discharge and no water is directed towards the ceiling. These are built both ways i.e. upright or pendent. These shall not be used in high hazard, high piled storage risks and also incase or ordinary/high hazard class risks where there is exposed structural steel work or where the roof or ceiling or its supporting structure is of combustible material.

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